Good article by Cris Putnam over at Logos Aologia: Is The Shroud of Turin Evidence For Jesus’ Resurrection?
I just listened to a lecture by Dr. Gary Habermas at the EPS apologetics conference, and according to Gary it turns out there is very strong evidence in favor the Shroud’s authenticity. . . . As usual, skeptics have written it off as a hoax, which is understandable. In fact, I had discounted it as a forgery like so many other “relics” the medieval church attempted to pass off. Mainly because there was a carbon 14 test in the 1980s that dated it to the Middle Ages. So you would think that would be the end of it…
. . .
The image on the Shroud of Turin has not been explained by science and appears to be holographic in nature according to particle physicists who have examined the image. Far from being painted on the cloth , there is no other image like it in the world. It appears to be burned into the very top layer of the fibers similar to (but not identical to) radiation. The holographic nature strongly controverts ancient forgery methods, could it be that it evidences Jesus’ miraculous transformation from death to life?
I like the gist of the last paragraph even though I would refrain from calling it holographic or appearing to be burned in. But yes, the 3D encoding (height field data) of the image is unexplained by science and controverts ancient forgery.
Though the intensity-distance correlation demonstrated by the Shroud image could not be explained by current science, it conforms to the idea that it can be a holographic imprint. As explained in the last two chapters of my book “The Shroud of Turin: An Imprint of the Soul, Apparition or Quantum Bio-Hologram”, a hologram reconstructs two images – one real (or, pseudoscopic) and the other virtual (or, orthoscopic). Both are exact replicas of the object but for their manifestation. The virtual image is produced at the same position as the object and has the same appearance of depth and the parallax as the original 3D object. The virtual image appears as if the observer is viewing the original object.
The real image is also formed at the same distance from the hologram, but in front of it. In the real image, however, the object depth is inverted. It can be compared to looking at the mould of a sculpted object or the inside of a mask, i.e., the observer has the sensation of looking straight through the back surface and seeing the front surface image from the inside-out (with convex shapes becoming concave). For example, the image of a convex chess piece will appear as concave or reversed contour. Similarly, a 3D brick lying on the ground would look like a brick sized hole sunk into the ground. Such an inside out image is called ‘pseudoscopic image’ and this inquisitive effect is called ‘pseudoscopy’ or depth-reversal. This is due to the fact that the corresponding points on the two images (virtual and real) are located at the same distances from the hologram. Pseudoscopy is a notable feature of holograms and is an interesting phenomenon of optical phase conjugation due to 180° phase change . Though it is difficult to see this real image with an unaided eye, if one places a photographic plate, or frosted glass, in the plane where the real image is formed, one can obtain its two-dimensional projection (imprinted on the linen cloth in the case Shroud).
Another interesting and remarkable characteristic of the pseudoscopic image is that a photographic contact copy of a hologram does not yield a negative image, but another positive image. The basic theory is that a negative of a negative is a positive. Leith and Upatnieks point out:
The hologram, which is the first recording on film, ordinarily is considered to be the negative. Yet the reconstruction gives a positive image. If a contact print if made of this, again a positive reconstruction is obtained. It is impossible to obtain a negative reconstruction’. (Leith, 1964)
Thus the twin problems of the Shroud image – photographic negativity as well as image reversal (side reversal) could be well explained with the help of the holographic model of image reconstruction. Assuming that the quantum self manifested from the corpus inside the Shroud was a pseudoscopic (real) image, and that its two-dimensional projection was imprinted on the Shroud, would settle almost all the conundrums shrouding the image.
The body image penetrates into the cloth to a depth of two or three fibres only (in the order of 1/100th of hair thickness) and there is no cementation among the fibrils. Beneath them, the fibres remain undisturbed. Thus the radiation that acted on the Shroud material should have been low-intensity and volumetric, representing the exact geometry of the body of the crucified man. As stated by Roger, any hypothetical conversion of entre body-matter into energy (following E = mc2 formula) would have proved hazardous as such energy release would have been in the order of 200-300 megatons of TNT.
Concerning the holographic model, science has proved that any kind of physical field, whether acoustic, electromagnetic, even perhaps gravitational, can create a hologram (volumetric representation of the exact geometry of the body), because what is needed is ‘wave coherence’ and ‘phase-conjugate-adaptive resonance’, which are independent of other factors like intensity or nature (wave kind). Thus, it is convenient for us to assume radiation of any kind and of any intensity under the quantum holographic model, till the exact kind and intensity of the radiation forming the bio-holographic matrix is discovered.
The double-superficiality of the image, as discovered by Professors Guilo Fanti and Roberto Maggiolo, could also be explained by this holographic flux model. The second image contains the face image (though fainter) on the reverse side of the Shroud.
Under the quantum bio-holographic model, the manifestation of the 3-dimensional image of the host is hypothesized to be due to ‘phase-conjugation-adaptive-resonance’ and no outside source of light or radiation is considered. Thus, the model is capable of explaining the non-directionality of the Shroud image.
Optimal Viewing Distance:
Minute observers could note that there is an optimal viewing distance to see the Shroud image, and as once approaches it very closely, it disappears! After the fire in 1997, Aldo Guerreschi, a professional photographer in Turin, was asked to photo-document the examination of the Shroud. He narrates his observations;
“Moving around that table from a certain angle I saw this image so faded as if to practically disappear, while from others it seemed as if the figure were almost outside the sheet; it was, I repeat, an incredible emotion…. I approached the face placing my camera at a distance of about 20 – 30 cm, aimed the camera at the face and saw…nothing in the viewfinder; … I could only see it as I moved away from it.” (Guerreschi)
Like him, Dr.Petrus Soons (who has proposed that the Shroud image contains holographic information), observes that the image appears more distinct at a distance and fades when viewed at certain angles, particularly as one comes closer to the Shroud. “The image is faint, without well-defined boundaries so that the eye has no point of reference and it appears simply as variation of the background density.” Peter M. Schumacher says, “It is difficult to orient oneself relating to the image, if the observer is in close proximity to the cloth.”
Parallax and viewing at an angle are the consistent features of hologram. While looking at the steroemetric holographic displays, one can move one’s head and can observe the continually changing the image aspect with the viewing angle. These effects can readily be experienced in lenticular displays, anaglyphs and stereograms.
Half-tone effect and the Dehydration of linen
The formation of the image on the Shroud is a unique “pixel-like” phenomenon. Where the image appears darker, it is not due to more or darker substances, it is because of a greater number of pixels. Thus the pixel density decides the colour intensity in the Shroud, as can be seen in a newspaper photograph. The size of the pixels that make up the image is one tenth the width of a human hair. Some skeptics are keen to argue that this tonality or pixel effect is due to the reflection of light and hence the Shroud image is a photograph. But the fact is different.
The hologram stores the information of the object in the form of a wave front. Therefore, every point of the object has an influence on every pixel of the hologram. The x, y position of each ‘holographic pixel’ corresponds to the x, y position of each object point. To put it the other way around, each pixel of the hologram contributes to each point of the 3D object. The depth information for each image point is also encrypted as the overall size of the single pixel interference pattern; an image-point which reconstructs as being deep within the hologram will have a ‘pixel’ with a large width and with long-radius slightly-curved fringes, while a shallow point will have a tiny ‘pixel’ and small-radius fringes.
This is what happened in the case of Shroud image. Moran, in his paper, says that pixels vary in length along the fibrils from about 200 to 1000 microns (i.e. from 0.2 to 1mm). The intensity of the yellow colour is very uniform from one pixel to another, so that the image is formed by the closeness of the spacing of the pixels (similar to formation of an image in a half-tone reproduction where it is the spacing of uniform black print dots that form the print image and not a variation in the blackness of the individual dots themselves. (Power, 2003)
In an article “Optically Terminated Image Pixels Observed on Frei 1978 Samples”, Kelvin Moran describes the image pixels:
‘The individual image pixels have very sharp boundaries at their ends across the 15-micron diameter of the fibres. When seen at a magnification of 200 power, these pixels show uniformly darkened area over the natural color of the non-imaged fibre. At the boundary between the image pixel and the clear fibre, there is a sharp change. There is no gradual edge as expected from a shadow mask or external light source…The fact that the pixels don’t fluoresce suggests that the conversion to their now brittle dehydrated state occurred instantly and completely so no partial products remain to be activated by the ultraviolet light. This suggests a quantum event where a finite amount of energy transferred abruptly.’ (Moran, 1999)
This holographic pixel concept is even used for holographic image enlargement by repeating small pixels of a first hologram over large areas to form an expanded version of the first hologram.
‘Mechanically Transparent’ Man is a Hologram!
Jackson proposed that “the body of the Man in the Shroud became mechanically transparent to its physical surroundings; it emitted radiation from all points within and on the surface of the body. This radiation interacted with the cloth as it fell into the mechanically transparent body, thereby forming the body image on the Shroud.” (Jackson 1977, 1984, 1990)
Another point that strengthens this idea is that the body image is almost completely coherent with a vertical projection of the corresponding human body as if the Shroud was draped naturally over a body shape lying in the supine position.
Physicist Thaddeus Trenn also thinks that, “due to a radiation event, the body of the man became mechanically transparent to the physical surroundings, and that a stimulus was generated that recorded the passage of the cloth through the body region and onto the cloth as an image.”(Parker)
Linking the X-ray effect noted by US chemist Dr. Giles Cart, Dr. Trenn opines that it is only a secondary effect to the primary phenomenon of dematerialization of the body. If the holographic manifestation of the quantum self is assumed to be behind the Shroud image, then Jackson’s theory of a man ‘mechanically transparent to the environment’ can be explained easily and justifiably.
BS